* Peter Stebbins Craig, 3406 Macomb Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20016, is a historian and lawyer and a descendant of Olof Stille, his daughter Ella and her first husband, Peter Jochimsson, mentioned in this article. He is researching the family histories of all of the first immigrants to the Delaware (“South”) River, 1638-1675, and their colonial descendants.

© Copyright 1986 by Peter S. Craig. All rights reserved.

Notes

[1] As appears later in this article it is doubtful that Axel Stille, Olof’s apparent brother, had any descendants. Olof Stille and the descendants of Olof’s son John Stille (1646-1722) were the subject of a study by Pastor Nicholas Collin, last Swedish Pastor of Gloria Dei  (Old Swedes) Church in Philadelphia, dated 13 Sept. 1825, a copy of which is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Collin. Collin had available to him now-lost Gloria Dei church records prior to 1750 and the family Bible of Mårten Stille. Prior to the 1983 article on the “Yocums of Aronameck, “ which necessarily embraced the Stille Family (see Yocum), the only published works analyzing the Stille family in America were John W. Jordan, Colonial Families of Philadelphia (New York 1911), 2: 1605-1613, and Frank Willing Leach, The North American (Philadelphia, 20 March 1913), pp. 320-321. Both expanded on Collin’s study, but neither was able to identify the two children who accompanied Olof Stille from Sweden to America.

                In Yocum, Henry Yocum and I were able to identify Olof Stille’s eldest child, his daughter Ella Stille who married first Peter Jochimsson and second Hans Månsson. In the present article, the author is able to identify Olof Stille’s second child, Anders, who was one and a half years old when he left Stockholm in 1641.

                In the preparation of the present article, the author is particularly indebted to Van A. Stilley, 3812 Sweetbriar Road, Wilmington, NC 28403 and to Dr. Richard H. Hulan, 6057 N. 27^th St., Arlington, VA 22207. Their extensive research into early records on the Stille and related families helped make this article possible. Various descendants of Jacob Stille have also made significant contributions. Baldwin Springer Maull of Princeton, N.J.; Mildred W. Hollander of Ames, Iowa; and James A. Kimble of Toledo, Ohio.

[2] Archivum Americanum, MS, Hist. Soc. Of Pa.; Jordan, 1610-11.

[3] Johnson, 151-55. All dates in this article adopt the contemporary Swedish calendar which in the 17^th century was ten days behind the New Style calendar, not adopted in the American colonies (except in Dutch possession) until September 1752.

[4] Yocum 243.

[5] Thomas Campanius Holm, A Short Description of the Province of New Sweden, etc. translated by Peter S. DuPonceau, Memoirs, Hist. Soc. Of Pa. (Philadelphia, 1834), 3:81.

[6] Johnson, 526-27; Instruction, 42-43.

[7] Amandus Johnson, Lindström’s Geographia Americae (Philadelphia 1925), facing 156.

[8] Queen Christina issued patents to Governor Printz and his successor, Governor Rising, but later patents to Captain Sven Skute and Captain Hans Admundsson were nullified by Governor Rising after her abdication on protests from the freemen that such patents encompassed lands they occupied and, if patents for them were to be issued, the freemen who had developed the lands were more deserving. Rising recognized ownership interest in structural improvements on the land, but not the land itself, which was in effect “rented” to the freemen on a crop-sharing basis. Johnson, 500 n.8, 517-18. Rising’s Report of 13 July 1654 included a “list of those who wish to buy land and property from the Company, and a list of the lands which have been rented for half of the crops.” Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West Jersey and Delaware, 1630-1707, edited by Albert Cook Myers (New York 1912), 147.

[9] Wharton; 38-39; DYR, 109-110.

[10] Johnson, 700-710.

[11] C.A. Weslager, The English on the Delaware, 1610-1682 (New Brunswick 1967), 114-19.

[12] Instruction, 265-66; NYHM, 18:1.

[13] Yocum, 251 MS translation of 7 July 1654 declaration by freemen of New Sweden, Amandus Johnson Papers, Balch Institute, Philadelphia.

[14] Yocum, 244, 269 n. 5

[15] Yocum, 270, n. 21.

[16] Yocum, 244, 246, 269-70, n. 19.

[17] Rising’s Journal, unpublished manuscript in the Uppsala University Library, Sweden, entry of 26 June 1654, as translated by Dr. Richard H. Hulan. Lock was too ill to leave on the next (and last) ship to Sweden. He remained in America as the sole Swedish-speaking minister there until his death in 1686.

[18] Yocum, 244, 247; Johnson, 592-616.

[19] NYCD, 12:242-43.

[20] NYHM, 18:84.

[21] NYHM, 19:2

[22] NYHM, 19:13, 14, 15, 16, 25. Jacob Junge from Gotheburg, packhauseschreiber (warehouse scribe) had arrived with Governor Rising in 1654. Johnson, 503, 716. On 23 August 1658, there had been surveyed for him “Young’s Neck” (now Ordinary Point), 50 acres, on the north side of Sassafras River in present Cecil County, Maryland. Cecil County Rent Roll, 1707, Hall of Records, Annapolis, p. 133. This land, later taken up by Francis Smith from New Amstel, was sold to John Browne, mariner from New England, who sold the same to Marcus Severson, a Swede, 1 Feb. 1663. In 1676, the land was held to have escheated. MA, 51, 479-80. After a 15-year absence from the Delaware River area, the name of “Jacob Clocker” reappears in 1677 on the Delaware as a tydable adult male living at Marcus Hook; “Clocker” was the Upland Court clerk’s understanding of the Swedish word “klockare,” meaning parish clerk, bell-ringer and schoolmaster for the “up-river” Swedes and Finns at Wicaco, serving under the German-speaking Pastor Jacob Fabritius (allegedly from Poland). UCR, 80, 113; Acrelius, 178; Kalm, 194, 228; Benson, 733. Jacob Junge died 11 April 1686 at Shackamaxon in Philadelphia County, when he dictated his nuncupative will to Michael Nilsson Laican and Gunnar Rambo, who proved the same on 12 May 1698. They described “Catharine, the companion or reputed wife of Jacob Young, who married John Tank soon after Jacob Young’s death” and quoted Young as desiring “our girl Hester Young whom I have brought up” to receive his entire estate. PGM, 1:20. Jean Tanck’s (John Tank’s) wife Catharine, “born in Sweden, 78 years old” was buried at Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia, 14 August 1713. Kalm, 219. In the meantime, her daughter Hester had married Robert Wilkins. Our last glimpse of this complicated relationship occurs on 16 June 1714 when John Tank complains for ejectment by Wilkins (whose wife claims to be Jacob Young’s daughter) from land at Shackamaxon which allegedly escheated when Jacob Young died without lawful heirs. PA, 2d Ser., 19:581.

         Lars Carlsson Lock’s second wife, Beata Lom, is identified in Martti Kerkkonen, Peter Kalm’s North American Journey (Helskinki 1959), 213. She was the first girl born in New Sweden, according to a descendant’s advice to Peter Kalm in 1748-49. Id. She and Lars Lock had five sons (Andrew, Måns, John, Peter and Gustaf) and at least two daughters, all of whom moved to Gloucester County, West Jersey, by 1700. For further mention of Lars Locks’ descendants, see Edith M. Davis Locke, Descendants of the Reverend Larrs Karlsson Lock (Gloucester County Historical Society, Woodbury NJ 1986).    

[23] Evert (Ivert) Hendricksson, who sometimes use the surname “Ek” (oak tree in Swedish) and was commonly known as “Iver the Fin,” had a stormy by charmed career. Hired in Sweden as a laborer in 1641 for a suit of clothes and 20 riksdaler a year, he was instructed to go to Stockholm, where he was listed as aboard the Charitas when it departed. In 1644 he was a laborer at the Upland plantation. By 1653, when he signed the complaint against Governor Printz, he was a freeman. Johnson, 150-51, 463, 705, 711, 719. In coming to America, he had left his first wife and at least one child behind. Marrying a second time in America, he was somewhat surprised when, under Dutch rule, his first wife and eldest son, Hendrick Evertsson (Iversson) came (probably on the Mercurius in 1656) to join him. Although some objected to his living with two wives, both the Dutch and English authorities approved this arrangement. NCR, 1:289, 304.

[24] The classic Keen genealogy errs in claiming that “Jöran Kyn,” progenitor of the Keen family in America, was born in Sweden. Keen, 1. Governor Printz’ monthly account book (kept in German), which names each of his soldiers, spells his name “Jurgen Kühn” and states that he came from Saxony, Germany. MG, “Kühn” means bold in German; he was also known as “Schneeweiss” (snow white in German), presumably because of the color of his hair. See Johnson, 706, 713, 720.

[25] NYHM, 19:73.

[26] Johnson, 663-64.

[27] NYHM, 19:85.

[28] Johnson, 669.

[29] PA, 2d Ser., 19:353-54.

[30] On 3 November, 1659, “Corporal Marten Cleynsmidt” was one of the judges at a Dutch court-martial held at Fort Casimir (New Castle, Delaware). NYHM, 18:74. The author has not otherwise found the name of “Martin Clensmith” in Delaware River records and is of the opinion that “Clensmith” or Cleynsmidt” was an alias, descriptive of the person, i.e. the little smith, in other words, a toolmaker. The presence of Hollander’s Creek and Rosamond’s Creek in later surveys of Moyamensing is suggestive that Clensmith was the same person as Martin Rosemond, whose name frequently appears in contemporary New Castle Court Records. He resided on the Delaware as early as 23 Feb. 1656 when “Marten Rooseman” was appointed a tobacco appraiser at New Castle. NYHM, 18:21. His will, dated 28 Nov. 1676, was proved 6 June 1677 at the New Castle Court. NCR, 1:96.

[31] Johnson, 716, 718. In later records, including his own will, Lasse Andersson Collinu considered himself the father of Måns Svensson Lom’s children. See note 90, infra.

[32] C.A. Weslager, The English on the Delaware, 1610-1682 (New Brunswick 1967), 176-96.

[33] UCR, 174

[34] See UCR, 35.

[35] NYHM, 21:104. The original of this document is torn and contains the following surviving entries at “Mey Mansy” (Moyamensing)

        - s Bancks (Anders Bengtsson)

        -- - llen (Olof Stille)

        -- --derson (Lasse Andersson Collinu)

        -- Molickka (John Pålsson Mullica)

        The Mullica here referred to was John Pålsson Mullica, who arrived from Sweden with his father, Pål Johnsson Mullica, with Governor Rising in 1654.  His brother Eric Pålsson Mullica moved to West Jersey and had sons who preserved the name Mullica. Another brother Anders Pålsson Mullica moved with the father to Maryland; his sons took the surname Poulson/Paulson.

[36] UCR, 78. See also notes 89 and 90, infra.

37 UCR, 100.

[38] The names as shown are “Lars Anderson, Andros Binkson, John Matsson, John Stille, Axel Stille, Andrew Wheeler,” in that order. Soderlund, 215.

[39] A.R. Dunlap and C.A. Weslager, “More Missing Evidence: Two Depositions by Early Swedish Settlers [1684].” PMHB, 91:35-45 (1967). The first of these depositions was signed by Peter Larsson Cock, Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, Lasse Cock, Sven Svensson, Jacob Yongh from Gothenburg, Lars Andersson Collinu and Captain Hans Månsson. All then lived in the Philadelphia area.

[40] PMHB, 2:342. Moyamensing donors on this list included Anders Bengtsson, John Stille, John Mattson, Andrew Wheeler.

[41] PA. 2d Ser., 19:353-54.

[42] For the part of this map showing Moyamensing, see Yocum, 261.

[43] Yocum, 244-68, as updated by Governor Printz’ Monatgelderbuch which shows that Peter Jochimsson was from Schleswig in Holstein and served as a soldier under Printz until 1 October 1652, when he became a freeman. MG.

[44] Yocum 248, 250-58. The surname of “Steelman” was derived by combining Ella’s surname (Stille) with Hans’ patronym (Måns). The presence of other unrelated Hansons on the Delaware may have prompted this change.

[45] For details of John Hansson’s colorful career, see Yocum, 248, 254-57. His father-in-law, John Andersson Stalcop from Strängnäs, Sweden, had arrived in New Sweden as a lad in 1641 and thereafter (October 1646-September 1653) served as a soldier for Governor Printz. Under Governor Rising, he was promoted to gunner and adopted the surname “Stålkofta” (steeljacket), later Stalcop/Stalcup. Johnson, 152, 712, 717; MG. Stalcop married Christina Carlsdotter, whose father Carl Johnson had arrived in former New Sweden on the Mercurius in 1656 with his wife and three children. Johnson, 725. The descendants of John Andersson Stalcop are traced in Earl E. Jones, The Stalcup Family History, 1641-1986 (Madison TN 1986), obtainable from the author at 232 Old Hickory Blvd. East, Madison, TN 37115. Mary Stalcop and John Hans Steelman must have married before 1680 when John was residing on Pennsauken Creek, West Jersey. BCR, 3; NJA, 21:352, 361. On 24 June 1687 he obtained a warrant for 200 acres on Red Clay Creek in New Castle County which he shared with his brother-in-law Peter Stalcop. PA, 2d Ser., 19:10; NCR, 2:171; New Castle County Deeds. By the time of the 1693 church census, however, he had settled at “Sahakitko” or the “Head of Elk” (Elk Landing, Elkton, Cecil County, MD) with five persons shown in his family. Other Cecil County land acquisitions followed. Thereafter his Indian-trading ventures lured him to the Pennsylvania frontier and he became the first permanent white settler in Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna River. On 3 August 1749 the Lancaster County court issued letters of administration on his estate to Hans Hamilton (perhaps a grandson).

        John Hansson Steelman and his wife Mary (Stalcop) Steelman had at least four sons:

1. John Hans Steelman, Jr., who was naturalized in Maryland in October 1695 with his father. AM, 19:281. John Hans Steelman, Jr. is mentioned in a 1722 letter by John Bradford. AM, 25:380. He and his wife Mary are shown on a contemporaneous deed. After the death of his father, “John Hance Jr.” bought Capt. John Hanson Steelman’s horse for 3 pounds, 5 shillings. (John Hance Steelman Vendue 1749 from Lancaster County Court House). In the November 1753 court of Frederick County (H-1:151) Mary Hans Steelman and John Hans Steelman were ordered by Judge Joseph Wood to appear to testify. Such a summons was also made the next year apparently for the son of the deceased John Hans Steelman, Jr. (Calvin E. Schildknecht, Frederick MD Post, Feb 19, 1981).

2. Måns (Mountz) Hans Steelman. Not of age when father John Hans Steelman was naturalized in Maryland with his son John Hans Steelman, Jr. In June 1714, in a Cecil County suit by William Browne vs. John Hans Steelman, various property on the home estate (at Elk Landing, Cecil County) was attached, said property being in the hands of Måns Steelman. (Cecil Co. Judgements, Book E: 248-49, Hall of Records, Annapolis).

3. Peter Hans Steelman. The first discovered mention of his name is at the sheriff’s sale in 1749 in Lancaster County of the estate of John Hans Steelman, Sr., when Peter Hans Steelman bought the “plantation” for 4 pounds. Around 1754, the Frederick County Court (H, 1:3) received a petition from Peter Hance Steelman “who through age and infirmity could not provide for himself.” His petition for relief was denied. (Schildknecht, supra.

[46] The 1693 church census showed Christiern Thomasson’s widow heading a household of six at Tacony (present Philadelphia). By the time of Rudman’s 1697 census the patronym Thomasson had been replaced by the surname of Toy. The former widow of Christiern Thomasson is there identified as Christina, living with her daughter, Susannah Toy, married to Jöns (James) Steelman at Great Egg Harbor. PMHB, 2:225.

        The first discovered reference to Christiern Thomasson is the survey on 20 October 1675 of 950 acres at “Tawocawomink” (Tacony) for Erick Mullock (Mullica), Olie Nielson (Gästenberg) and Christian Thomason. Wharton, 45-46. A patent for this land was finally issued 13 May 1679. NYHM, 20:87b, 21:57. On 11 January 1683, Christin Thomas was naturalized by William Penn at Philadelphia. PWP, 2:337.

        Christiern Thomasson, progenitor of the Toy family, may have been the son of Thomas Jacobsson who came from Sweden in 1656 on the Mercurius with his wife, three children and a maid-servant. Johnson, 725. Thomas Jacobsson lived at Bread and Cheese Island on the Christina Creek in New Castle County. DYR, 34, 134, 142, 187; Wharton, 36-38. He had two confirmed sons named Ollie and Peter Thomasson. NCR, 1:163. Another, name unknown, was kidnapped as a child by the Indians and, although discovered among the Indians by John Hans Steelman, never returned to live with his kinsmen. Nils Jacobsson, Svenskar och Indianer (Stockholm 1922), quoting from Bishop Svedberg’s unpublished manuscript, Svecia Nova, reporting the contents of a letter from Pastor Erick Bjork of Holy Trinity Church.

                Between 1692 and 1699, Charles Steelman signed a number of resolutions adopted by the freemen of Chester Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. French Genealogy, 119-123. In 1705, at the trial of Måns Cock for killing Elias Toy’s horse, Charles Steelman described himself as Elias Toy’s brother-in-law. BCR, 298. At the same court, on 22 March 1709, his widow testified that she had been satisfied by Måns Cock for his crime. BCR, 337. On 25 May 1730, Charles Steelman’s heirs (his son Charles Steelman, Margaret [wife of John Bird, son of Thomas Bird and Sarah Empson, both English], and Eleanor [wife of David Enochson, son of Garret Enochson and Gertrude, both Swedish], all of New Castle County, Delaware) deeded the Burlington County land first owned by Hans Månsson, later by his son Charles Steelman, to Philip Wallis (Wallace), N.J. Needs D-D, 206. Charles Steelman married Johanna Lowell (Lavel) at Holy Trinity Church in Christina, Delaware, 3 Feb. 1737. HTR, 2:242, 3:809. The 1765 Holy Trinity census showed Charles Steelman and his wife Johanna living in Brandywine Hundred, his age being estimated at “60,” with no children in the household. MHT, #136. Their four known children, the first of whom was Anna (1738-1750) all died in childhood. DH, 5:196, 198, 204. Both of his sisters had surviving children. Margaret Steelman (Mrs. John Bird) had a daughter Anna, born July 1728, who married Clayton Biddle 10 December 1747, and a son John Bird, Jr., born 15 June 1736, who married Sarah Tussey (Swedish) 2 February 1761. Eleanor Steelman (Mrs. David Enochson) had at least six children whose names are recorded at Holy Trinity Church. Her first daughter was also named Anna, presumably after Eleanor’s mother. Eleanor died before the 1764 Holy Trinity census when the name of David Enochson, shoemaker, aged “60,” appears (with no other family) in Wilmington. MHT, #13.

[47] The will of James Steelman, dated 2 Aug. 1734 and proved 10 January 1735 at Great Egg Harbor, Gloucester County, N.J. (the present Atlantic City area) named eight children (NJA,30:453). The following account of his children is based primarily on will and marriage records in NJA, records from RPN and Adams.

(1) Andrew Steelman, born 1691, died January 1737, married Judith ---. Andrew died at Great Egg harbor, leaving eight children who married: Frederick Steelman (d. 1778, who married Sarah Somers in 1740), James (d. 1767, who married Temperance Sayer in 1756), Peter (1723-1762, who married Hannah Leeds in 1750), Andrew (c. 1719-1772, who married Hannah Ingersoll in 1747), Mary (1714-1797, who first married Edmund Somers in 1730), Judith (1726-1778, who married Noah Smith), Susannah (who married Benjamin Ingersoll in 1738) and a posthumous child, John Steelman (who married Sarah Sooy in 1766). See PMHB, 2:225, NJA,  30:452-3.

(2) Susannah Steelman, born 1693, died 9 Nov. 1753 in Oxford Township, Philadelphia County, Pa., married John Keen, son of Matthias Keen and grandson of Jurgen Kühn. She had eleven children, most of whom married and had children. See PMHB, 2:225; Keen, 60-63.

(3) Hans Steelman, born c. 1697, died 1760 in Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, West Jersey. Married Alice Jones (Swedish), who died of dropsy 16 Nov. 1767 at the age of 73, by whom he had at least seven children: Hans Steelman, Jr., (birthdate unknown) who married Sara Dalbo (Swedish) by 1747 and died in 1761 in Greenwich Township; Jöns (James) Steelman (born 17 Nov. 1719) who first married Magdalena Peterson (Swedish) by 1748, married (second) Cathrine Keen in 1772, and died by 1788 in Greenwich Township; Susannah Steelman (born 30 Dec. 1723) who married John Helm (Swedish) by 1752; Israel Steelman (born 7 July 1726) who died young; John Steelman (born 27 June 1729) who married Mary ------ by 1759 and died in 1775 in Greenwich Township; Charles Steelman (born 5 March 1734) who first married Brita Dalbo (Swedish) in 1756 and died in December 1784 in Woolwich Township; Daniel Steelman (born 10 Aug. 1737) who never married and died without issue.

(4) John Steelman, born after 1697, died 1762 at Great Egg Harbor. The name of his wife, who pre-deceased him, has not been verified. His will (NJA, 33:407-08) named ten surviving children: John Steelman (d. 1796) who married Abigail Adams 25 January 1755; Catherine; Susannah; Jemima; Esther who married Richard Higbee; Jeremiah who married and had issue; Mary; Rebecca who married Daniel Leeds 29 Jan. 1751; Rachel; and Zephaniah who married Rebecca Risley 16 April 1768.

(5) James Steelman, Jr., born after 1697, died 1784 at Great Egg Harbor, NJA, 35:371. Married ------ Jones (Swedish). They had two sons and five daughters: James was the eldest son; John (born 22 July 1744) was married by 1784 and had started a family. Rebecca married James Somers 20 July 1759. Mary Ann married John Somers before 1765. Catherine married ------ Covenover. Sara (born 29 Sept. 1742) married Joseph Covenover in 1771. Susannah was unmarried in 1784. See also NJH, 87:17-18.

(6) Elias Steelman, born after 1697 died in 1739 at Great Egg Harbor, NJA, 30:453. He was twice married, first to Sarah Lake 10 Aug. 1730 and second to Comfort Creesey 16 Dec. 1732. NJA, 22:357. He was survived by at least two children: Sarah and Elias (who married Esther Morgan in 1760).

(7) Mary Steelman, born after 1697, who first married Daniel Allen, 25 Dec. 1728, and next married Andrew Blackman, 25 July 1733. Her children have not been traced.

(8) Peter Steelman, born of James Steelman’s second marriage to Katherine Ouster, 13 June 1730, died intestate in 1775 at Great Egg Harbor. NJA, 34:496. His widow Sarah (parents unknown) remarried ------ Doughty. Their children definitely included (identified in their son Peter Steelman’s will of 1798) Zephaniah Steelman (1760-1836) who married Sybilla Anderson and had eleven children; James Steelman (1762-1827) who married Jane or Joan Steelman; Peter Steelman who died 1798 unmarried; and Thomas Steelman (1772-1824) who married Sarah. NJA, 38:346. Richard Steelman who died in 1825 was another of his sons.

[48] When Pastor Carl Magnus Wrangel of Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia visited Great Egg Harbor in October 1764, four of Peter Steelman’s sons lived in the area – Charles, Matthias, Peter, and John. Charles then stated that his father, Peter, had been born at Senamensing (Cinnaminson, Burlington County) and had “moved down here sixty years ago and his children have since lived continuously at this place.” Carl M. Anderson, “Pastor Wrangel’s Trip to the Shore,” NJH, 87:5, 13-14 (1959). There are no deeds of record involving Peter Steelman in the Great Egg Harbor area; also no record of a will or estate administration. If born at Cinnaminson as his son Charles stated, he probably was not born until after February 1674 when his father, Captain Hans Månsson secured a permit for this land. BCR, 3. On 20 Feb. 1695/6, as “Peter Monseur” (a common corruption of Månsson),  he was tried before the same court for trespass. “Daniel Leeds attested that the Meadow upon the front of the Upland and now in question belongs to Captain Hance (Hans Månsson, then deceased). Jury find for the Defendant.” BCR, 185. The earliest trace of Peter Steelman is the May 1693 church census which lists him as heading a household of four, undoubtedly at Cinnaminson. Kalm, 204. It is surmised that the other three were his mother (Ella, widow of Hans Månsson) and his nephews, Charles and Eric Steelman. See note 49, infra. Pastor Rudman’s Wicaco church census of 1697 lists Peter Steelman, his wife Gartara (Gertrude) and two unnamed children as living at Great Egg Harbor. PMHB, 2:225. He was still living there in the fall of 1704 when he was visited by Rudman’s successor, Pastor Andreas Sandel, and others, including his brother Charles Steelman, who was still living at Cinnaminson. PMHB, 30:296. On 5 June 1718, Peter Steelman obtained land at Upper Penns Neck, Salem County. New Jersey Deed A-B, 62 and 60. His residence there was short-lived. His name and that of his wife Gertrude appear in the records of Raccoon Church at Swedesboro, 1719-20. RPN, 18, 115, 243, 244, 326. However, his name disappears from Raccoon Church records by 16 May 1721 when he sold land at Pilesgrove in Upper Penns Neck, Salem County, to Thomas Hill. New Jersey Deeds, A-C:276. The last discovered reference to him is the claim by his son, Charles Steelman, that his father Peter Steelman deeded land to him at Great Egg Harbor 12 June 1737. Adam, 53, 55, citing Woodbury deed KK:399 of Charles Steelman dated 12 Aug. 1774.

                The children that may be attributed to him are as follows:

                (1) Charles Steelman, probably born by 1697, who first married Peter Scull’s daughter Margaret Scull, 5 Jan. 1731, and (after her death) married Jonathan Adams’ daughter Mary Adams, born at Huntington, Long Island. His children by his first marriage were: Gertrude, born c. 1732 (still living in 1775); Mary, born c. 1734 (still living 1775). His will, dated 9 Sept. 1775 and proved 24 Feb 1779 at Great Egg Harbor, names seven surviving children (the first two by his first marriage) NJA, 34:495. His other children were: Jeffet, born 10 Sept. 1737 (deceased by 1775), Uriah, born 20 May 1741 who married Rosanah Loring in 1770 and died in 1774; James, born 23 July 1744 (deceased by 1775); Phoebe, born 22 Sept. 1746, who married Daniel Ireland in 1771; Margaret, born 13 Jan. 1750 (still living 1775); Barbara, born 13 Oct. 1752, who married Samuel Burton in 1777; John, born 2 April 1755 (still living 1775); and David, born 3 Jan. 1758 (still living 1775). All of his second brood were baptized by Pastor Wrangel in 1764, as shown in the baptismal records of Gloria Dei  Church in Philadelphia.

                (2) Matthias Steelman, perhaps born by 1697, married Sarah Adams, also the daughter of Jonathan Adams, on 14 Sept. 1730. His will of 15 Oct. 1772, executed at “Tuckehoe” near Great Egg Harbor, proved 9 April 1784, named three surviving sons: James (the eldest), who married Hannah Ingersoll; Jonathan (second born) who married Hannah Corson, and George (the youngest) who died in Cumberland County, N.J., in 1808. NJA, 34:371.

                (3) Peter Steelman was buried 15 Dec. 1720 at Raccoon, N.J., before he came of age. RPN, 326.

                (4) Gartara (Gertrude) married Daniel Lake, 14 Sept. 1730, NJA, 22:383. Not further traced.

                (5) John Steelman was still living in 1764 when Wrangel visited Great Egg Harbor.

                (6) George Steelman married 12 Dec. 1737 Phoebe Adams, also a daughter of Jonathan Adams. NJA, 22:358. The only other discovered evidence of his existence occurred on 10 May 1752 when he appears as a baptismal sponsor of Paulus and Barbro Hausman’s Paulus at Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church in Wilmington. HTR, 3:814. He is believed by some to be the father of Matthias Steelman who migrated to Surrey County, NC in the 1770s. See Ruby S. Thurston, Steelman Relatives (1981), 1-2. If so, he must have had a wife before Phoebe Adams, as Matthias Steelman’s son William was born in 1750. Id. At 25.

                (7) Maria Steelman, born 5 Jan. 1720 and baptized at Raccoon Church on 17 January 1720, married Elias Champion on 15 Dec. 1735. RPN, 244; NJA, 22:383.

                (8) Peter Steelman II, born c. 1722, was living at Great Egg Harbor in 1764.  NJH, 87:13-14.       

[49] The first discovered reference to Christiern Steelman occurs in 1708 when (as a cordwainer or shoemaker) he is named husband of Mary, widow of James Claypoole, Jr., who had died in 1706 in New Castle County. DH, 5:278, n. 19.

                James Claypoole, Jr. (1664-1706) had arrived in America on the Concord  in 1683 with his parents, James Claypoole, Sr. (1634-1687) and his wife Helena (Mercer) Claypoole (d. 1688), close personal friends of William Penn. PWP, 2:369-373. On 22 Dec. 1701, before the Pennsylvania Board of Property, James Claypoole, Jr., testified that his wife’s mother (being also the mother of Adam Peterson) had been murdered by Indians thirty years before. PA, 2d Ser., 19:221-2, 224. From this we may infer that James Claypoole, Jr.’s wife (and the wife of Christiern Steelman) was Mary Peterson, of Swedish or Dutch parentage.

                If Christiern Steelman and Mary Peterson had any children, they would have been born before 1713, when the baptism records of Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church in Wilmington commence. From 1714 to 1739 the name of Christiern Steelman frequently occurs among the communicant and baptismal records of Holy Trinity Church in Wilmington. No wife is ever associated with his name, which suggests that Mary had died before 1714. No records of Christiern Steelman’s parents, birth, children (if any) or death have been discovered.

                Pastor Andreas Rudman’s 1697 census of Gloria Dei (Old Swedes) Church at Wicaco (Philadelphia) included among the West Jersey members—

                      New Jersey – Senamensing at the other side of the river***

                      Mrs. Ella, mother of the Steelmans now. Her sons: Eric, aged 16 ys.; Charles, 18ys.

        (PMHB, 2:224) Ella, of course, was the widow of Hans Månsson. She was too old to be the mother of Charles (born c. 1679) or Eric (born c. 1681). Having been born c. 1634, she was probably past menopause when they were born. She also would not have had two sons names Charles Steelman. She must have been their grandmother.

                This is the only reference we find to this Charles Steelman, not to be confused (as in most Steelman genealogies) with his uncle, Charles Steelman or the latter’s son Charles (see note 46, supra).

                Eric Steelman, however, thereafter figures prominently in the history of Raccoon Church (Swedesboro, NJ), until he died of smallpox 10 May 1731 and was buried the next day. RPN, 329. On 29 July 1715 he purchased from Gustaf Lock (son of Lars Carlsson Lock) 100 acres on the west side of Homman’s Creek, Greenwich Township. (Glouc. County Deeds, A:89) At this location, he and his wife Bridget ------ raised a large family that included:

                (1) Helena, who married Tobias Bright in 1725. RPN 252-53.

                (2) Bridget, born by 1710, still living and unmarried in 1731.

                (3) Eric, who died in 1718. RPN, 325.

                (4) Catherine, still living and unmarried in 1741.

(5) Hans, baptized 7 March 1719 who as eldest son and heir sold the family farm when he came of age in 1740 (Trenton NJ Deeds, B:181) and thereafter moved to the Maurice River where he married Elizabeth ------.

(6) Mary, born by 1722, still living and unmarried in 1741 when she and her sister Catherine witnessed the will of Bartholomew Supplee of Greenwich Township. NJA, 30:466.

(7) Charles, born 5 July 1724 (RPN 250) who moved with his brother Hans to the Maurice River, where he married Ann ------ and died in 1764.

        On 12 May 1731, letters of administration were issued to Eric Steelman’s son-in-law Tobias Bright and his daughter Bridget Steelman. NJA, 30:453. His wife Bridget had been buried 6 Nov. 1726 RPN, 328. During their lives, both Eric and Bridget Steelman had been prominent in the activities of Trinity (Old Swedes) Church at Raccoon (Swedesboro, NJ).                            

[50] As reported in the church book at Raccoon (Swedesboro) NJ:

        On January 10, 1718, Carl Hoffman was buried.

        On the 22^nd of the same month, Ella Steehlman, 80 years old, [who] had come from Sweden. RPN, 325.

        The pastor (Abraham Lidenius) underestimated her age by a bit. She was actually 83 years old when she died.

[51] NCR, 2:71.

[52] Berthold Fernow’s 19^th century reading of this 1671 document transcribed the entry as “Anna Pieterson marryed to Andrees Teller.” NYCD, 12:649. Subsequent fire damage to the document has obliterated the last name. See NYHM, 21:105.

[53] As was the case for a majority of the Swedes and Finns in New Castle County, Anders Stille refused to be conscripted to help build a dike for the Dutch justice, Hans Block, for which he was fined 20 guilders, along with John Ogle, Ogle’s servant, and Sargeant Arskine and his son Jonas, all living on “Christeen Kill.” NCR, 1:163

[54] The tract, known as “Chestnut Point”, was found to contain 123 acres. NCR, 1:505.

[55] John Ogle’s “Fishing Place” had been surveyed 4 October 1680. NCR, 1:503. Another tract, known as “Eagle Point,” 74 acres, was surveyed for John Ogle on the north side of Christina Creek, 8 Dec. 1683. Scharf, 933.

[56] In 1678, widow “Jean Erskine” (Arskin) sent a complaint to New York’s Governor protesting harassment by creditors in which she reported: “your petittionors husband going in a cannew in Cristena Creeke the 23^rd day of October last past to fech nessesary provitions for the Relife of himself and family was acccidentally drownded, so that your petitionor with fowre children was left husbandless and fatherless.” NYHM, 20:127. The governor’s secretary, Matthias Nicolls, replied on 6 Nov. 1678, describing her as “Jane the widow of Serjeant John Erskin.” NYHM, 21:30. On 16 Nov. 1679, Jean Arskin granted power of attorney to her son Jonas Erskin of Christina Creek to act as administrator of her late husband’s estate. NCR, 1:450.

[57] New Castle County Wills, A:63, admin. C:197.

[58] Microfilm collections of papers of William Penn, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 4:820.

[59] PWP, 2:547-49.

[60] PA, 1^st Ser. 1:87.

[61] PA, 1^st Ser., 1:88-91. Also, microfilm collection of papers of William Penn, HSP, 4:878. This was not the last of Anders Stille’s  problems with Talbot. After William Penn’s departure to England for his successful lawsuit against Lord Baltimore, his Provincial Council, sitting in Philadelphia, received a report 10 Sept. 1684. The minutes state “information being given to this board that the Widdow Ogle’s hay was thrown into the creek, and Andrew Stille’s Clouths Terne by Coll. Talbot’s People, who did it by his order, Edm[un]d Cantwell and Jon. Cann were Ordered to Inspect to the truth of it, and to make a Speedy report of the same to this board.”

        PA, 1^st Ser,, 1:119-20.

[62] Scharf, 933. John Ogle had been granted a warrant for 200 acres by the New Castle Court on 4 March 1678/9. NCR, 1:304

[63] On 1 November 1681 the New Castle Court issued to John Ogle (on behalf of his two sons Thomas and John) a warrant for 400 acres. NCR, 1:502. The land selected, called “Hopyard,” on White Clay Creek was surveyed 14 Oct. 1683 as being 430 acres. Scharf, 914. A patent for the same was issued 26 March 1684, which was sold 9 Jan. 1686/7 by Elizabeth Ogle to her brother Peter Peterson Yocum, and John Hans Steelman, co-executor, to John Guest of Philadelphia, Thomas Ogle (as heir to John Ogle) consenting. PA 2d, 19:369-70.

[64] NCR, 2:13. The tracts of “Andrew Tilly,” “Tho. Ogle” and “Jonas Askew (Arskin), as well as the “Hopyard” are shown on a 1685 survey of White Clay Creek by Thomas Pierson in the map collection of the Historical Society of Delaware in Wilmington. Anders Stille’s land embraced the present Newark County Club and the George M. Wilson Park in Newark, Delaware.

[65] NCR,2:122, 170. On 1 Dec. 1684, “Andrew Stilly, planter,” sold his 123-acre “Chestnut Point” at Christiana Bridge to Robert Hutchinson. New Castle County Deeds, H-1:55. This sale was acknowledged in court on 17 Dec. 1685. NCR, 2:126.

[66] New Castle County Deeds, Q-1:296. NCR, 2:165.

[67] NCR, 2:177.

[68] Israel Acrelius, pastor of Holy Trinity Church 1749-56 stated categorically in his 1758 treatise on New Sweden that Olof Stille “was the ancestor of the Swedish Stilles in America.” Acrelius, 46 n. 10. Acrelius was Jacob Stille’s pastor throughout his stay in America. In his 1754 enumeration of the Holy Trinity Congregation, Acrelius lists Jacob Stille, farmer, as speaking and understanding Swedish well, although unable to read. (Amandus Johnson Papers, Balch Institute, Philadelphia.) A similar enumeration in 1764 by Pastor Anders Borell again shows that Jacob Stille had a complete understanding of the spoken Swedish language, with the comment “This man is unable to read, but has a good knowledge of his Christian doctrine.” MHT, #116. It may be surmised that Jacob Stille never had an education.

[69] DH, 5:287 n. 37.

[70] All ten children were born in Christiana Hundred, New Castle County. They were:

                (1) Jonathon Stille, born before 1713, married 17 April 1735 Magdalena Vanderveer (Swedish), born 5 November 1718 to Jacob and Mary Vanderveer. He was a farmer in Brandywine Hundred where he died of  consumption, 21 April 1765, and was survived by his wife Magdalena. They had twelve known children: Rebecca born 23 Jan. 1736, buried 5 Oct. 1736; Anna Maria, born 14 Aug. 1737, who married Hans Nebecker 30 Oct. 1755 and moved to Upland, Pa., and had nine children; Magdalena, born c. 1738, living at home 1754; Jacob, born 3 Sept. 1739, who married Anne (Nancy) French, 5 Feb. 1760, and moved to western Pennsylvania c. 1773, where he was accidentally killed 17 March 1778 at Fort MacIntosh; John, born c. 1742, who married Sara French, 14 Nov. 1763, and had one child by 1764; Elizabeth, born 18 July 1744, who married Owen Zebley; Hannah, born c. 1746, who married Joseph Gorby, 20 Dec. 1770; Dinah, born 27 Feb. 1751, who married William Talley, Jr., 5 Nov. 1768; Sarah, born 8 Feb. 1754, who married Samuel Jordan, 1773; Samuel, born 21 March 1756, who married Elizabeth Chew at Raccoon (Swedesboro), N.J. 2 April 1783 and died in Upper Township, Cape May County, N.J., 2 August 1818;  a child born c. 1758 who is listed but not named in the 1764 church census; and Ephron, born 14 Nov. 1761, who died 6 Nov. 1763.

                (2) Andrew Stille, born before 1713, married 21 Dec. 1738 Catharina Stalcop (Swedish), born 4 March 1718 to Andrew and Anna Barbara Stalcop. They had eleven known children: Maria, born 5 Dec. 1739, who married Samuel Cleany 17 June 1755; Elizabeth, born 10 Sept. 1741, living at home in 1764; Jacob, born 22 Jan. 1745, living at home in 1764; Anna, born c. 1747, who died of smallpox 10 Nov. 1763; Rebecca, born c. 1749, who married John Veal 23 Jan. 1776; Peter, born 21 June 1751, living at home in 1764; John, born 20 Feb. 1754, who married Elizabeth Gray 11 Dec. 1777; Isaac, born 20 May 1756; Rachel, born c. 1758; Catherina, born 9 Feb. 1761; and an infant born c. 1763 (not named in the 1764 church census). Andrew Stille was a farmer in Christiana Hundred and still living when his father wrote his will on 14 Sept. 1771.

                (3) Mary Stille, born 22 June 1715, married 12 Feb. 1736 Charles Hedge, son of Joseph Hedge (English) and Catharine Stalcop (Swedish). They moved to Frederick County, Maryland, where Mary (Stille) Hedge died 23 Aug. 1765. They had numerous children, the eldest of whom was Jacob (1738), named after his maternal grandfather.

                (4) Peter Stille, born 8 March 1717, followed his elder sister to Frederick County. His will of 25 July 1765 (proved 15 August 1765) and the will of his widow Mary of 30 Sept. 1784 (proved 7 Jan. 1785) show five children: Jacob, the eldest; John; Peter (c. 1744-1803 who married Elizabeth Orndorff); Esther (who married John Kennedy c. 1767 and died 1784 in Bedford county, Va.); and Rebecca (who married her third cousin Benjamin Ogle 1 Oct. 1776).

                (5) Susanna Stille, born 19 Jan. 1719, married 1 Dec. 1737 Justa Justis (Swedish), born c. 1710 to Måns and Catharina Walraven Justis. Måns Justis (1684-1774) was the son of Giösta Giöstasson (Justa Justis 1655-1721) and grandson of Johan Giöstasson from Kinnekulle, Sweden, who had arrived in America in 1643 as a soldier for New Sweden. Justa and Susanna (Stille) Justis had two children baptized at Holy Trinity Church: Maria, born 1 July 1738, and Catharina, born 10 Oct. 1740. Thereafter a son David was born. Susanna died by 1749.

                (6) Elizabeth Stille, born 3 April 1721, had left home by the time of Acrelius’ 1754 census. In her father’s 1771 will she is named as Elizabeth Pollard.

                (7) Margaretta Stille, born 18 Dec. 1722, was first married 19 June 1740 to Peter Derrickson (Swedish), born 21 July 1715 to Zacharias Derrickson and Helena Vanderveer. Their first child, Jacob, was born 2 Sept. 1740 and baptized at Holy Trinity. Thereafter the couple moved to Penns Neck, Salem County, NJ, where four additional children were born – Johan, Catherine, Rebecca (1750) and Isaac or Jack (1751) before Peter Derrickson died intestate in 1753. By 1754, Margaretta had remarried Matthias Nilsson (Also Swedish), by whom she had an additional child, Christina. The will of Matthias Nilsson of Penns Neck, written 12 April 1759 and proved 9 June 1759, named his stepchildren Jacob, Rebecca, Jack and Catherine Derrickson and their own child Christina. Thereafter, Margaretta married once more, this time to a ------ Meredith, probably the father of Richard Meredith who married her daughter Christina Nilsson 29 April 1772. She is named as Margaretta Meredith in her father’s 1771 will.

                (8) Rebecca Stille, born 4 Feb. 1725, married in 1744 John Vanneman (Swedish). They had one child, Rachel, born c. 1745, before Rebecca died shortly thereafter. In 1754 Rachel was living with her grandfather Jacob Stille in Christianna Hundred, New Castle County. By 1772, still unmarried, she was living among the Raccoon congregation in West Jersey with her father John Vanneman (then estimated to be “60” years old) and his second wife, Maria Mullica (Swedish), whom he had married before 1754.

                (9) John Stille, born 22 April 1727, married 26 Sept. 1754, his cousin Elizabeth Ogle, born 1729, daughter of John Ogle and Elizabeth Robinson and granddaughter of Thomas Ogle, eldest son of John and Elizabeth (Petersdotter Yocum) Ogle. He became a cabinetmaker. They had eight children baptized at Holy Trinity Church: Thomas, born 17 July 1755; Lydia, born 24 Aug. 1757; Anna, born 29 Aug. 1759; John (also called Israel), born 19 Oct. 1761; Hannah, born 1 Nov. 1762; William, born 6 Dec. 1764; John and Elizabeth (twins), born 28 March 1768.

                (10) Lydia (sometimes “Lady”) Stille, born 16 Jan. 1732, married 11 May 1756 John Bird (born 22 Nov. 1726, son of Thomas and Rachel Bird). They had two children, Thomas Bird, born 17 May 1757, who married 10 Jun 1784 Mary Babb and had numerous children, and Rebecca Bird, born 7 Oct. 1758. Lydia Stille Bird died “in childbed” and was buried 3 June 1761. Her husband next married Mary Stille in Pennsylvania, 3 March 1762. Mary Stille Bird died of consumption 25 Aug. 1762 and was buried at Holy Trinity along with his first wife.

[71] The will, which named his son Andrew Stilley as executor, also mentioned his children John, Elizabeth Stilley (alias Pollard) and Margaret Stilley (alias Meredith), his sons-in-law Charles Hedge and John Bird, and his daughters-in-law Mary Stilley (widow of Peter Stille) and Catharine Stilley (wife of Andrew). NCW, 74.

[72] Northampton County Va. Order Book & Wills (1689-1698): 17:268, Eastville, Va.

[73] Henry Stott was born in Northampton County, Virginia, 29 May 1662, the son of Henry and Priscilla Stott. William & Mary Quarterly, 1^st Ser., 22:40. Not further traced.

[74] William Douglas Stilley, The William Davis Stilley and Nancy Swofford-Stilley Family History and Genealogy. (Raytown, Mo., 1978), 5.

[75] Somerset County unpatented certificate #184, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Md.

[76] The deed conveyed, without consideration, all of Mary Stilley’s possessions. Somerset County Land Records, X:56-57.

[77] Pursuant to a warrant issued 3 May 1748, the Maryland governor issued John Stilley a patent for “Stilley’s Cost,” 5 Oct. 1748, described as 66 1/4 acres on the southeast side of Nanticoke River, lying east of “said Stilley’s dwelling plantation.” Somerset County Md. Patents, BY&GS#2:88-89. Papers involving the referenced “dwelling plantation” have not been found. Later, John Stilley acquired “Privilege” (50 acres) 10 Aug. 1753; “Glascow” (100 acres), 29 Oct. 1753; “Shiapires Folley (59 acres), 28 Aug. 1758; and “Calloway’s Delight” (123 acres), 23 April 1760, all located in the same vicinity. Somerset County Patents, Y&S#8:492-3; BC&GS#22, 108-09; Somerset County Land Records, B:12-13, 231-32.

[78] Gust Skordas, Early Settlers of Maryland (Baltimore 1979), 167.

[79] MA, 2:282.

[80] MA, 3:529.

[81] See William Douglas Stilley’s genealogy, n. 74, supra.

[82] UCR, 53.

[83] On 13 November 1677, a suit against John Stille by Thomas Harwood was settled amicably. UCR, 78. On 13 October 1680, John Stille recovered from Derick Johnson four pigs which the defendant thought were his. UCR, 178. After 1678, the name of his father Olof Stille did not appear in Upland Court Records.

[84] Sven Skute was the highest ranking Swedish official to remain in America after surrender of the colony to the Dutch in 1655. He first came to New Sweden on the Swan with Governor Printz in 1643 when he held the office of Lieutenant. Printz sent him back to Sweden in 1650 with a letter pleading for more supplies, settlers and other assistance. Skute actively recruited new soldiers and colonists in Värmland and Dalsland in 1653 and sailed again for New Sweden with Governor Rising on the Örn in December of that year, having been elevated to the rank of “Captain of the Landspeople” by Queen Christina. After the capture by Rising of Fort Casimir (New Castle), he was placed in charge of this fort, which he surrendered to the Dutch, 1 September 1655. Thereafter, Rising subjected him to an inquest for this act. Skute chose not to return to Sweden with Rising and, for a time, lived at Fort Casimir, where he had purchased land from Otto Greyn and Marten Rosemond. The property was sold 17 March 1656, after which he moved to the Fort Altena area where the former Swedish soldier Peter Meyer from Gothenberg wounded him in the head with a fork, 4 Sept. 1660. Thereafter, Skute’s name disappears in Delaware River records, although he must have lived until 1664, when his last known child (Gertrude, later wife of John Stille) was born. Johnson, passim; NYHM, 18: passim.

                Sven Skute had four known children: John Skute, born 4 Sept. 1654 who married Armegot Garrett/Garretsson by 1686 (PMHB, 2:225-26); Christina, born c. 1657 who married William Warner Jr. (English) after 1675; Magdalena, born 25 March 1660, who married the younger Peter Rambo, 12 Nov. 1676 (PMHB, 2:225-226); and Gertrude, born 1664, who married John Stille by 1683. (PMHB, 2:227 and will of John Stille which names his brother-in-law “John Schooten” as one of his executors.)

[85] Kalm, 204; PMHB, 8:102.

[86] NYHM, 20:63b.

[87] PMHB, 2:342.

[88] PA, 2^nd Ser., 19:353-54.

[89] John Mattsson (c. 1649-1701) and his older brother Peter Mattsson (1647-1700) were sons of Mats Hansson, who had joined Olof Stille in the 1653 protest against Governor Printz. Mats Hansson from Borgå in Finland (then part of Sweden) on the Kalmar Nyckel’s second voyage (1639-1640) as a laborer and served as Governor Printz’ provost marshall 1 November 1647 to 1 September 1653, when he became a freeman. Id., 453-54, 700, 704, 711, 718; Yocum, 269-0 n. 19; MG. By her second marriage, Elizabeth had two more sons – Lasse Dalbo (1657 – c. 1686) and Olof Dalbo (1660-1712). A now lost burial record of Gloria Dei, fortunately copied by Nicholas Collin in the early 19^th Century, reports Elizabeth’s death in 1700 as follows:

                Elizabeth, Anders Dalbo’s widow, previously married to Mats Hansson, buried at Wicaco. Born in Sweden, she was 78 years old. (Amandus Johnson Papers, Balch Institute, Philadelphia).

        John Mattsson, who is sometimes given the alias Dalbo in contemporary records, sold his quarter interest in Moyamensing (with the consent of his wife Mary) to Patrick Robinson, 12 Sept. 1684. Phila. Deeds, E-1, 5:45. Robinson sold the same to Henry Jones (English, from the Barbadoes), 4 Nov. 1685.

[90] Lars Andersson Collinu – not to be confused with Lars Andersson Coleman who died in Gloucester County NJ in 1693 (NJA, 23:102; cf. GMNJ, 13:18-19) – made his will 17 July 1689 which was proved 1 Nov. 1689, leaving his Moyamensing plantation to Michael Nilsson Laican (husband of Helena Lom) and Andrew Wheeler (son of Catherine Lom, widow of John Whiler). Both were charged with providing his “grandchild” Utro (Gertrude?) Lom (daughter of Sven Månsson Lom, deceased) with 28 pounds when she became sixteen. Cows and a stag were willed to Mårten, Garrett and Martha Garrett (children of Mårten Garrettsson and Christina Lom, deceased); another cow went to Cathrina Horlasse (?) and Elenor Matson (daughter of John Mattsson) to share equally. The rest of his estate – “chiefly hoggs” – went to Michael Nilsson Laican, Andrew Wheeler and John Mattsson. In the event this said “cozen” Utro Lom should die before she became sixteen, then her bequest was to be paid to “Bertha Lom, widow of my son Swan, deceased, “Phila County Wills, 1689 #64. Thereafter, on 13 May 1702 Michael “Leycon, alias Nielson” of Woodbury Creek, Gloucester County, West Jersey, conveyed his half of the Moyamensing tract inherited from Lars Andersson Collinu to Andrew Wheeler. Phila Deeds, F-2:270.

                Måns Svensson Lom, whose name appears next to that of Olof Stille on the 1641 passenger list of the Charitas, was shown as being accompanied by a wife, two almost grown daughters and a little son. Johnson, 152. Thereafter the Loms had additional children.

                Probably one of the elder daughters was Margaret who, as widow of Peter Larsson Cock (1610-1697), was buried 13 Feb. 1703 at Gloria Dei. According to her burial record she was then in her 77^th year and had been born in Sweden in Roslagen. Kalm, 219. Her eldest son, Lars (Lasse) Cock, was born 21 March 1646 in New Sweden. PMHB, 2:227. The second of her six sons was named Måns Cock.

                The other elder daughter appears to be Catherine, who married John Hwiler c. 1647, and died before 1671.

                The third child on the Charitas undoubtedly was Peter Månsson Lom who died in Cecil County, Maryland in 1676, leaving an orphan named Anders Petersson, who was claimed by Sven Svensson as his “nephew”. NCR, 1:59-60. Previously, it was inferred that Sven Svensson’s wife was a Lom. See Yocum, 271-72, n. 37. It now seems probable that Peter Månsson Lom’s wife was the sister of Sven Svensson and therefore the daughter of Sven Gunnarsson, who arrived in New Sweden on the Kalmar Nyckel in 1640. See Yocum, 248-49.

                In America the Loms had additional children: Beata Lom, said to be the first Swedish girl born in America, married Pastor Lars Carlsson Lock at the age of 18 in 1662. Martti Kerkkonon, Peter Kalm’s North American Journey (Helsinki 1959), 213. Another daughter, Christina Lom, born c. 1645, married Mårten Garrettsson, who was residing in New Castle County when he drowned in 1680. After his death, the New Castle Court sent an express to Lasse Andersson Collinu, Sven Månsson Lom and the “rest of his relations at Moyamensing” telling of the tragedy. NCR, 1:426-27. Another daughter, Helena (Ella) Lom, married Michael Nilsson Laican. Still another, Mary Lom, married John Mattsson. Finally, there was Sven Månsson Lom, who married Bertha ------ and predeceased his stepfather.

                Måns Svensson Lom died before 1654 when his widow (unnamed) appeared at Tinicum Island as one of 19 “old freemen” (i.e., in the colony before Rising’s arrival) who pledged allegiance to the Swedish crown. Yocum, 269, n. 19.

                On the voyage to America with Governor Rising was Lars Andersson Collinu, muster-clerk. Johnson, 716, 718. After his marriage to Lom’s widow, his wife apparently had no additional children. She obviously predeceased him. Usually referred to as “Lasse Andersson,” he used his surname Collinu only on official documents, using an elaborate (if difficult to read) signature.         

[91] The burial record of 14 September 1705 (now lost), as copied by Peter Kalm c. 1750, stated:

                And. Bengtsson, born in Sweden near Gothenburg in Fåxarn parish and Hanström farm, drowned in the Delaware, 65 years old (That is, in the 65^th year of his age). Kalm, 219.

[92] On 5 April 1703, Ander Bengtsson gave Pastor Andreas Rudman a “vivid narrative” of the arrival of the Mercurius in 1656. He told “how the Dutch forbade the vessel to pass up the River, and how they ingloriously would have sent it back, had it not been for the heathens [Indians] who liked the Swedes and who collected, boarded the ship and in defiance brought it up past the fort [Fort Casimir].” Benson, 723, as copied by Peter Kalm from the now-lost Gloria Dei Churchbook. See also Acrelius, 90, paraphrasing from the same source. Rudman’s 1697 church census gives quite complete information on Bengtsson’s family in that year. PMHB, 2:225, 227.

[93] Ormond Rambo, Jr., “The First Pioneers: The Rambo Family.” American Swedish Historical Foundation Yearbook (1948), 1-19.

[94] Acrelius, 176-89.

[95] Acrelius, 186-95, Kalm, 201-07. The letter was in the handwriting of Charles Springer. Appended to the letter was a list of 188 families belonging to the Swedish churches. Kalm’s copy of this list shows the following for the Swedish families residing at Moyamensing: And Bengston – 9; Joh. Stille – 8; And. Wihler – 4. Id. At 204.

[96] Acrelius, 189, 194.

[97] Acrelius, 195-202, 319-21.

[98] C.A. Weslager, “The Swede’s Letter to William Penn,” PMHB, 83:90-94. The original of this document is in the Cadwalader Collection at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. John Stille’s mark was a “Z” tilted clockwise with a straight vertical line connecting the two ends to create two connecting triangles.

[99] Hannah Benner Roach, “The Planting of Philadelphia,” PMHB, 92:24,31; Yocum, 259, 262. As a result of Penn’s relocation policies, new Swedish communities were established at Upper Merion in Montgomery County and at Douglassville in Berks County (both on the Schuylkill River). Other Finns and Swedes were relocated to Penns Neck, Salem County, NJ, where Penn also owned extensive lands.

[100] Clay, 109-112.

[101] Ibid. Recorded as “John Till,” John Still also joined in a later 1722 petition on the same issue. PMHB, 38:427-42.

[102] PA. 2d Ser., 19:353-54.

[103] PA, 2d Ser., 19:664, 671.

[104] The will of “John Stilly” of “Myomensing,” yeoman, dated 24 April 1722 and proved 1 Sept. 1722, bequeathed his Moyamensing plantation, including all meadow or cripple, to his two eldest sons William and John equally. Also, to both, one horse, two cows, one feather bed and bed clothes. To his third son Peter he also gave one horse, two cows, one feather bed and bed clothes. To his youngest son Mårten (Morton) he gave 150 acres which his two eldest sons were directed to purchase for him; also, one horse, one mare, two cows and one feather bed with bed clothes. To his five unmarried daughters, each was to receive one cow, one feather bed and bed clothes at the time of her marriage or within one year thereafter. To his married daughters (Sarah and Christina), he gave only feather beds. His wife Garthro (Gertrude) was to have possession of his plantation during her widowhood. Sons William and John and brother-in-law “John Scooton” (Skute) were named executors. Appended to the will when it was proved was an agreement between William Stilly (“W” his mark) and John Stilly (“IS” his mark) to allow each of their sisters two “horned creatures” in addition to their legacies above. The third executor, John Skute, had died before the will was proved. Witnessing and proving the will were the brothers Garrett and Mårten Garrett. Phila. Wills, 1722 #255 (Book D:327).

[105] See note 119, infra.

[106] The will of Gertrude Stilley of Moyamensing, dated 3 January 1743/4 and proved 18 January 1743/4, declared that certain monies in hand and due from debtors plus a bond payable to John Stilley (“which is my property”) and a silver tankard valued at 16 pounds were to be divided equally between her children John Stilley, Barbara Bankson (widow), Peter Stilley, Eleanor Anderson (widow), Morton Stilley and Allemisha Smith (wife of Samuel Smith). To her son John Stilley, she also gave four cows and three horses. To her daughter Sarah Thomas, wife of William Thomas, she gave 10 pounds, “to be as much as possible not under the control of her husband;” to daughter Allemisha Smith, the “bed I now lie on,” an old case of drawers and a warming pan; to daughter Eleanor, a walnut table; to granddaughter Gertrude Dunn, widow of John Dunn, 10 pounds. “And I do hereby order in the presence of my two sons John and Peter that my two Negroes namely Ishmael and Peg shall be accounted as part of my Estate notwithstanding any Bills of Sale that may have been taken for them in any of my sons Name or Names.” Negro boy Cesar to be free at 30 years old. Her son Peter Stilley was named sole executor. She signed the will with her mark, a half-moon. Phila. Wills 1743 #59 (Book G:85).

[107] Olof or William Stille was born in 1687. PMHB, 2:227. He died 9 April 1739. See note 119, infra. According to later Moyamensing deeds, he died unmarried and without issue.

[108] John Stille was born in 1692. PMHB, 2:227. He died 29 Dec. 1746 at Moyamensing. See note 119, infra. He first married his neighbor Mary Wheeler, daughter of Anders Wheeler. After her death by 1742, he married Sara Keen (1722-1777) (also Swedish), daughter of Jonas Keen and Sarah Dalbo of Pilesgrove Township, Salem County. They had one daughter Christiana (Christina), born 14 July 1743 at Moyamensing who married at Gloria Dei her cousin Reynold Keen, 21 Oct. 1762. She died 3 Dec. 1777 in Reading, Pa. Her sister (name unknown) was buried in 1749 in her third year, leaving Christina the sole heiress of Olof Stille’s Moyamensing estate, except for about 22-23 acres of woodland which the widow Gertrude Stille and John Stille had sold to Peter Stille, 17 March 1740. On 27 Dec. 1764, her husband Reynold Keen sold all of her Moyamensing lands to John Johnson for 2,000 pounds. 

[109] Peter Stille was born 11 April 1699. He married Sarah Campion at Gloria Dei Church 12 July 1725. Collin. Shortly thereafter they transferred to Christ Episcopal Church in Philadelphia where George (born 2 Oct. 1726), John (born 9 Jan. 1729), Peter (baptized 21 Nov. 1731 at 14 weeks), Elizabeth (baptized 20 Oct. 1733 at one month), and William (born 16 March 1736) are recorded in the church records. Each of these sons apparently died in childhood, the burial of John being recorded on 3 Aug. 1736.  Thereafter, at least two additional children were born: Sarah, born 3 Aug. 1738, and another John, born c. 1740.

                To accommodate his family, his mother Gertrude Stille and his elder brother John Stille deeded 22-23 acres of the Moyamensing tract, all woodlands, to Peter Stille on 17 March 1740. He was also named executor of her will in 1744 in preference to John Stille. After the death of his first wife, Peter Stille next married Margaret Pocklington, widow of William Pocklington, and daughter of Jonas Jones, son of Jonas Nilsson (Swedish), at Christ Episcopal Church, 17 April 1749. They lived for a time at Repaupo Creek in Gloucester County, West Jersey, where they were recorded in the Swedish church census of 1754.

                Peter Stille died 28 June 1767 and was buried at Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia. See note 119, infra. His will, dated 1 July 1766, proved 1 July 1767, left his only lands (at Moyamensing) to three surviving children: The lower part on which his house was erected was willed to Edward Yorke in trust for his eldest daughter Elizabeth (then the wife of Isaac Course); the middle part to his second daughter Sara Yorke, wife of Edward Yorke; and the upper part to his son John, "if he returns to Pennsylvania.” Phila. Wills, 1767 #105 (Book O, 144).

                Elizabeth Stille married Isaac Course at Christ Episcopal Church, 13 Jan. 1757. Sara Stille married Edward Yorke at the same church, 22 Jan. 1762. After his death, she married Thomas Vanderpool and was buried 5 May 1825 at Christ Episcopal Church. John Stille, probably a mariner, returned to Philadelphia County to claim his third of his father’s estate. On 9 July 1768, he mortgaged his inherited property. Phila. Mtg. Book, K-13:133. On 17 Dec. 1768, Edward Yorke and his wife Sarah and Isaac Course and his wife Elizabeth (both women being daughters of Peter Stille) quitclaimed their interest in this land to John Stille. Phila. Deeds. Ex. 4:667. Shortly thereafter, as a result of the lawsuit by Thomas Phillips v. John Stille, the land was seized by the sheriff and sold, 8 Dec. 1769, his brother-in-law Edward Yorke being the highest bidder.

                Edward Yorke sold his wife’s middle third 24 Apr. 1776. Phila. Deeds, D-2:243, thus ending the presence of the Stille family at Moyamensing which had lasted over one hundred years.

                Peter Stille may have had additional children not named in his will. At least we have the following mentioned in contemporary Philadelphia Area Records:

                --- Rachel Stilley who married Isaac Herman at Gloria Dei 3 Dec. 1761;

                --- Priscilla Stille who married John Prentice at Christ Episcopal Church 21 Jan. 1762;

                --- Mary Stilley who married John Bird of New Castle County, 3 March 1762, and died 25 Aug. 1762 (see note 70, supra);

                --- David Stilley, who married Ann Dobson, 9 Dec. 1763. Although none was named in Peter Stille’s will of 1766, they do not “fit” any other Stille line.

[110] Mårten Stille, baptized 20 February 1704 at Gloria Dei, was living in New Castle 1729-31, as may be inferred from his appearance as baptismal sponsor at Holy Trinity Church. HTR, 2:194, 212, 220. On 20 August 1736, he married at Raccoon (now Swedesboro), N.J., Mary Halton, born 20 January 1715 to Jöns Halton and Catherine Peterson. RPN, 309. They had four children: (1) John, born 9 March 1739, who married Mary Boyd in Philadelphia, 16 Nov. 1763, and had ten children (a tailor in Philadelphia, he was the grandfather of Dr. Charles Janeway Stille, mentioned at the beginning of this article; John died 26 April 1802 and was buried at the Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia); (2) Daniel, born 26 July 1742, who died young; (3) Jacob, born 8 November 1744, who married on 25 March 1779 Elizabeth Vanneman (Swedish), widow of Samuel Linch, had two sons, and was buried 19 December 1793 at Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, Swedesboro; and (4) Andrew, born 28 January 1747. Andrew and his mother died shortly thereafter.

                Mårten Stille next married Helena Homman, born 26 February 1727 to Olof Homman and Ingrid Halton. They had two daughters: Johanna, born 16 March 1750 who married David Chew of Gloucester County, 29 Sept. 1767; and Rebecca, born 25 November 1751, who died in infancy.

                Mårten Stille died in 1752. His will, dated 16 November 1750 and proved 9 October 1752, left his Greenwich Township farm, which he had purchased in 1736, to his sons equally when the youngest became 21, subject to his widow’s life estate. His widow Helena married John Hendrickson 16 April 1753. The 350-acre farm on Oldman’s Creek was advertised for sale in the Pennsylvania Gazette on 5 February 1767 by Jacob Stille, living on the premises, and John Stille, of Philadelphia.

[111] Otto Ernest Cock, a Holsteiner, was a justice of the Upland Court by 1671, when he resided at Kingsessing. NYHM, 20:31-33; 21:104-105. He served continuously on this court until is was superceded by the new Philadelphia, Chester and Bucks county courts in 1683. UCR, passim; CCR, 3-32. An active supporter of the Swedish Church, he was still living in 1709 when he joined his sons Valentine and Zacharias Cock, John Stille and others in protesting English land policies. Clay, 111. His wife Christina, born in New Kopparberg in Sweden, was buried at Gloria Dei 3 July 1709 in her 74^th year. Kalm, 219.

                Zacharias Cock was 23 years old in 1697 according to Rudman’s census which then showed him living with his father. PMHB, 2:228. His marriage to Christina Stille on 24 January 1705 was fortunately copied by Nicholas Collin before the loss of the pre-1750 Gloria Dei records. They had a daughter Gertrude, who as the widow of John Dunn, was mentioned in Gertrude Stille’s 1744 will. See note 106, supra. The will of Zacharias Cox of 16 Feb. 1739/40, proved 20 Nov. 1744, names two sons (Arthur and John), probably by Christina. The will names Zacharias’ wife as Mary, indicating that his first wife Christina Stille had predeceased him. PGM, 3:186.

[112] Olof Svensson (1640-1692), younger brother of Sven Svensson and older brother of Anders Svensson (all sons of Sven Gunnarsson) was born on the Kalmar Nyckel during its second voyage to America. Yocum, 249. Olof’s widow Lydia (daughter of Robert Ashman, English, born in April 1647) was living at Wicaco with sons John (30 yrs.) and Peter (29 yrs.) in Rudman’s 1697 census. PMHB, 2:226. After Peter’s marriage to Anna Stille, 5 September 1705, it is unknown whether they had any children. Anna apparently died before 1722 as she is not named in her father’s will.

[113] Jonas Nilsson, progenitor of the Swedish Jonasson (later Jones) families, came to New Sweden from Skånings härad, Skaraborg län as a soldier with Governor Printz in 1643 and later married Gertrude Svensdotter, daughter of Sven Gunnarsson. His eldest son, Nils Jonasson (1655-1735) married Christina Gästenberg and had seven children by the time of Rudman’s 1697 census, the eldest (Swan) being born in 1683. Yocum, 249; PMHB, 2:226. Swan Jones married Sarah Stille at Gloria Dei, 7 November 1709. His will of 18 April 1731, proved 14 July 1731, names four daughters, Gertrude, Margaret, Christina and Mary. Phila. Wills, 1731 #199 (Book E:167). In 1734, widow Sarah Jones was taxed on 90 acres of land in Kingsessing. PGM, 1:174. Thereafter she married William Thomas and, as Sarah Thomas, was named in her mother’s will in 1744.

[114] Philip Vanderveer (1684-1750), a member of the church council at Holy Trinity Church in Wilmington, had ten children by his first wife, Elizabeth, who was buried 5 Feb. 1728. DH, 5:189. His marriage to Brigitta (Brita) Stille on 13 May 1729 took place at Gloria Dei in Philadelphia. Although Brita’s name thereafter frequently appears in Holy Trinity Church records as a communicant and baptismal sponsor, no child was born of this marriage. Brita Stille Vanderveer received her last communion on her deathbed 29 October 1730. DH, 6:320. She was buried 1 November 1730. DH, 5:191.

[115] Barbara Stille married Daniel Bankson 10 Feb. 1726. He was the eldest son of Bengt Bengtsson, born 1694. PMHB, 2:227. Bengt Bengtsson (1669-1748) was the eldest son of Anders Bengtsson of Moyamensing. Daniel Bankson, a shipwright in Philadelphia, died before 10 July 1742, when letters of administration were issued to his widow Barbara Bankson. Phila. Admin. Book D, 261. It is unknown whether they had children.

[116] Samuel Hesselius (1692-1753) was ordained in the cathedral in Skara, Sweden, 27 April 1718, and sent to former New Sweden in 1719. Acrelius, 224-227, 284. He first married Brita Laican, 9 June 1720. HTR, 2:107. In December 1722 he moved his household from Philadelphia to Christina, New Castle County, where he became pastor of Holy Trinity in 1723. DH, 6:155. His first wife was buried there on 27 Jan. 1730. DH, 5:190. He then married Gertrude Stille 1 July 1730. HTR, 2:211. She was then 29, having been born 18 March 1701. Their son Samuel, born 23 May 1731, was baptized at Holy Trinity six days later. HTR, 2:219. On 10 October 1731, Pastor Samuel Hesselius gave his farewell sermon. DH, 6:322. In the words of Acrelius, 287-88:

His … second wife was Gertrude Stille, who now also took leave of her native place. She died upon the voyage

between America and England, and was buried in the ocean. The children, who returned home, were Andrew,

Christina, Sarah [by Hesselius’ first wife], and Samuel.

        Thus, almost a century after Olof Stille left Sweden for America, one of his many great-grandsons reappeared on his native Swedish soil.

[117] Helena Stille, born 27 October 1705, is described as “Eleanor Anderson, widow,” in her mother’s 1744 will. Neither her husband (probably Swedish) nor her children, if any, have been identified. The 1743 list of the Gloria Dei congregation shows “Helena Andersson” living in Philadelphia. Kalm, 208.

[118] Allemisha was born in December 1709 and married Samuel Smith 1 May 1733. The 1743 list of the Gloria Dei congregation gives his name as Samuel Schmidt, living in Philadelphia. Kalm, 208. They had several sons. The eldest, John Smith, is mentioned in a 17 March 1740 deed from Garthro (Gertrude) and John Stille to Peter Stille, in which Peter Stille agreed to pay him 25 pounds when he became 21. Phila. Deeds, G-8:89. In addition, the will of John Stille of 2 Jan. 1747/8 names his nephews Samuel and Daniel Smith, sons of his sister Alemjah Smith. Phila. Wills, H:454.

[119] These two inscriptions represent tombstone readings made in the 19^th century. Gloria Dei manuscripts, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Ph 12E.8:61, 63.

[120] Acrelius, 224-27, 284. See also note 116, supra.

[121] The Bibles were distributed at the Swedish churches at Raccoon, 19 April 1720, and at Penns Neck, 26 May 1720. RPN, 18-20. It may be presumed that Bibles were distributed to the members of Gloria Dei and Holy Trinity churches at Wicaco and Christina at about the same time.

[122] The caption, which was added by Lidman, had confused some historians into believing that the New Sweden venture dates back to 1634, which is incorrect. The colonization project was first proposed by Peter Minuit in June 1636 in a letter to Axel Oxenstierna. This letter has the first discovered use of the term “New Sweden.” Johnson, 96-97. The passport copied by Lidman is, of course, not Stille’s passport to America. It is rather a safe conduct pass, furnished by his employer to allow Stille to move about freely in Sweden without harassment. The Stille Bible was given to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania by Dr. Charles Janeway Stille and his wife and now rests with the HSP’s Bible collection at the Library Company in Philadelphia.

[123] Both John Hwiler and Axel Stille signed the 1653 complaint, but neither name appears on the 1654 oath of allegiance to Governor Rising. Yocum, 269 n. 5, 270 n. 21. The closest place of refuge was Stuyvesant’s Fort Casimir (present New Castle, Delaware). Contemporary documents show that John Wheeler spelled Wyler, Willer and Wheeler in the records) had a 41-morgan (85-acre) tract north of Fort Casimir which, by 1655, was left to John Schaggen to farm. In September 1655 Stuyvesant promised Schaggen he would be granted a patent for this plantation, which was finally issued 20 June 1657. NYCD, 12:167-69; DYR, 15-16; NYHM, Land Papers, HH:86.

[124] Maryland Land Patents, Q:62-63.

[125] Maryland Land Patents, Q:63; 17:167-68.

[126] Cecil County Rent Roll (1707), 89.

[127] Maryland Land Patents, 17:167.

[128] MA, 3:429-30.

[129] Cecil County Rent Roll (1707), 115.

[130] Cecil County Rent Roll (1707), 130; MHM, 24:344; Baltimore County Land Records, 1S#1K:18-19.

[131] MHM, 25:258.

[132] On 24 May 1662, Isaack van de Water (62) and his wife Maria Hasecamp (50), both then living in Amsterdam, signed an affidavit declaring “at the request of Godefried Harmer from Worms” that they know Harmar quite well and they know that he is a son of Hans Willem Harmer, deceased, who lived in Worms, and that he is a brother of Daniel Harmar. They also declare that they know that Godefrid Harmar went to Göteborg in Sweden in 1637, and that he went from there to the South River in the service of the crown of Sweden together with Pieter Minuit his uncle and Hendrick Huygen, his cousin. Some years later he went to British Virginia [in fact, Maryland] where he is still living with his wife whom he married there. C.A. Weslager, “The City of Amsterdam’s Colony on the Delaware 1656-1664; With Unpublished Dutch Notorial Abstracts.” DH, 20:80 (1982).

Returning to Sweden on the Kalmar Nyckel in 1638-39, Gotfried Harmar came again to New Sweden in 1641 as “servant” (assistant) to his cousin Hendrick Huygen, who was New Sweden’s Commissary. Johnson, 383, 390, 702, 711. By 1644, he was a valued member of the colony, having mastered the Indian language and actively carried out trading and treaties with the Indians. Instruction, 120-21, 238-39, Johnson, 439. After the 1653 “mutiny” against Governor Printz, Huygen left for Sweden with Printz and sent advice to his cousin Gotfried Harmar on 26 April 1654, urging that he defect to the English. Gotfried did just that in 1654 and moved to Maryland. By 24 October 1654, Governor Rising was accusing Harmar of luring other Swedes to Maryland and also causing “ruin” to the Swedish Indian trade because of his trading activities in Maryland. Rising’s Journal; cf. Johnson, 512.

Soon after arriving in Maryland, Gotfried Harmar married Mary Spry (English), daughter of Oliver and Johanna Spry. Their first land was “Mount Harman,” 200 acres on the north side of the Sassafras River, immediately east of Axel Stille’s “Stillington.” At the time his will was made, 12 Feb. 1673 (proved 20 May 1674), Harmar was living on the Gunpowder River in Baltimore (now Harford) County, west of the Chesapeake Bay. The will names three daughters: Sarah, Elizabeth and Mary. MCW, 1:81. Harmar’s widow married second the widower John Stansby c. 1675; Harmar’s daughter Mary married first Benjamin Gundry and second James Maxwell. Edward C. Papenfuse, Biographical Dictionary of Maryland Legislature (Baltimore 1985) 2:584, 769.

[133] MHM, 26:229. Baltimore County Deeds, 1R#PR; 81.

[134] MHM, 27:127, Baltimore County Deeds, 1S#1K.

[135] Cecil County Court, Land Records 1674-79, p. 122. Witnessing the affidavit were John Gilbert and Samuel Wheeler (“S” his mark).

[136] Samuel Wheeler’s name occurs occasionally in the records of the New Castle Court, 1677-79. If he lived there, it was only temporarily, as a cooper for Robert Hutchinson of New Castle. NCR, 1:130-31, 159-160, 216, 338. Before 1686, he married Ann (last name not identified) and became a prominent official in Cecil County. George Ely Russell, “The Swedish Settlements in Maryland, 1654,” American Genealogist, 54:210. On 27 Sept. 1684, he witnessed the will of Augustine Herman of Bohemia Manor. MCW, 2:8. The date of his death has not been discovered. However, in the Cecil County Court on 9 March 1714, it was determined that the rightful heirs of “Roundstone” were Samuel Wheeler’s three daughters, Anne (married to Gideon Pearce), Sarah (married to Thomas Christain), and Mary (married to Richard Pennington). Cecil County Judgments, 1698-1700 (sic). 49-50.

[137] John Wheeler Jr.’s acquisition and disposal of “Wheeler’s Point” are shown in Cecil County Court, Land Records, pp. 123-24, 136-39. On 12 March 1677/78 “Lace Andries” (Lars Andersson Collinu) was granted a warrant for 300 acres on the Schuylkill River for John and “Andries” Wheeler by the Upland Court. UCR, 87. He later transferred this warrant to his stepson, Sven Månsson Lom, who as trustee for John and Andrew Wheeler had the land surveyed 24 May 1681. Phila. Deeds, E-F 5:9. On 14 June 1681, Sven Lom was directed by the Upland Court to reimburse William Warner and William Orian for these 300 acres which they had purchased from the Indians. UCR, 192-193. The property, then registered in Lom’s name (as “S. Lum”), is depicted in PMHB, 92:15, on the west side of the Schuylkill. It is probable that only John Wheeler ever lived on this Schuylkill River property which their step-grandfather and uncle had acquired for them. In the 1683 census  of Moyamensing, Andrew Wheeler was living with Axel Stille at the Moyamensing plantation of John Stille. Soderlund, 215. The last we hear of John Wheeler alive is in a 1685 lawsuit in Philadelphia County when John Wheeler and his brother sue John Test --- the suit was dismissed for failure to serve the complaint. Samuel W. Pennypacker, Pennsylvania Colonial Cases (1892), 73-74. John Wheeler probably died between 1685 and 1689 when his step-grandfather (Lars Andersson Collinu) wrote his will, leaving one-half of his Moyamensing estate to Andrew Wheeler with no mention of John.

                The name Andrew Wheeler frequently occurs in Philadelphia-area records. Apparently born after 1658 on the Sassafras River in present Cecil County, Maryland, he pledged money for the support of Pastor Fabritius in 1684. PMHB, 2:342. The 1693 Wicaco church census showed that he then had a family of four. Kalm, 204. His name was signed to the 1693 letter to Sweden as “Anders Vieler.” Acrelius, 189. His first wife was Catharine Swanson, daughter of Anders Svensson and his wife Anna. Phila. Deeds, G-11:96. By the time of Rudman’s 1697 census, they had four children: John (born 1690), Andrew (born 1692), Lawrence (born 1693) and Anna (born 1695-96). PMHB, 2:227. After the death of his first wife, he married 23 Nov. 1704 Anna Maria (surname not discovered), by whom three additional children were born: Mary, John II and Samuel. Phila. Deed, F-10:149. Of these seven children, only five were named (and therefore apparently still living) when Andrew Wheeler of Moyamensing signed his will on 17 March 1719/20 (proved 26 March 1720). They were Andrew, who died in 1734 with children; Anna, who married Charles Cox (Swedish, grandson of Peter Larsson Cock and Margaret Lom) at Christ Episcopal Church in Philadelphia on 1 Feb. 1720/21; Mary, who married John Stille; Samuel, who married Ann ------ and John II. Ormond Rambo, Jr., Cock Genealogy, MS at ASHM 11-13; Mary Pitz, The Wheeler Family, MS, ASHM (1985).

                In the meantime, Andrew Wheeler had sold the 300 acres granted for the benefit of him and his deceased brother. John Wheeler’s share, which was inherited by Andrew, was sold to John Roberts. His own half had been sold to his first cousins, Mårten and Garret Garretsson (Garrett). Deeds of 8 Nov. 1698 and 16 May 1699. Phila. Co. Deeds, H-4:96-97.

                Peter Kalm, c. 1750, in reviewing the 1697 residents of former New Sweden, reported: “Anders Whiler (Wheeler) who is counted among the Swedes, was an Englishman on his father’s side but a Swede on his mother’s.” Benson, 731-32.

[138] NYHM, 20:42a, 43c. Andrew Carr had fled to Holland with his Dutch wife, leaving to his father the problem of settling his estate in America. NYHM, 20:26.

[139] Maryland Land Patents, 17:167-68, 26 MHM, 229.

[140] MA, 2:400.

[141] Cecil County Deeds, 6:424.

[142] Cecil County Deeds, 1:56-57.

[143] Soderlund, 215.

[144] Cecil County Rent Roll (1707), 92, 94, 99, 130. See also Maryland Land Patents, 19:585 (resurvey of “Stillington”).

[145] MCW, 4:207.

[146] Cecil County Warrants, CC:116.

[147] Cecil County Patent Certificate #834.

[148] Application, on file at Maryland Historical Trust, Annapolis, MD.

[149] Soderlund, 215.

[150] All eight churches are now Episcopal churches --- St. Mary Anne’s Church in North East, MD; Holy Trinity Church in Wilmington, DE; Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia, PA; St. James Church of Kingsessing in West Philadelphia, PA; Christ Church of Upper Merion, at Bridgeport, Montgomery County, PA; St. Gabriels Church at Douglassville, Berks County, PA; Trinity Church at Swedesboro (formerly Raccoon), Gloucester County, NJ; and St. Georges Church at Pennsville (Penns Neck), Salem County, NJ.

[151] Report of Governor John Rising, 1654, as translated in Narratives of Early Pennsylvanian, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630-1707, 149.

[152] “We live scattered among the English and Quakers, yet our own language is preserved as pure as anywhere in Sweden. There are about twelve hundred persons that speak it.” Letter, Rudman to Prof. Jacob Arrhenius at Uppsala, Sweden, dated 20 Oct. 1697, quoted in Clay, 88-90.

[153] Yocum, 258.